Ramadan Fasting Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects: Insights from a Systematic Review.
Identifieur interne : 000409 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000408; suivant : 000410Ramadan Fasting Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects: Insights from a Systematic Review.
Auteurs : Mohammad Adawi [Israël] ; Abdulla Watad [Israël] ; Stav Brown [Israël] ; Khadija Aazza [Maroc] ; Hicham Aazza [Maroc] ; Mohamed Zouhir [Maroc] ; Kassem Sharif [Israël] ; Khaled Ghanayem [Israël] ; Raymond Farah [Israël] ; Hussein Mahagna [Israël] ; Stefano Fiordoro [Italie] ; Samir Giuseppe Sukkar [Italie] ; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi [Italie] ; Naim Mahroum [Israël]Source :
- Frontiers in immunology [ 1664-3224 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is observed by Muslims as a month of fasting. All Muslim adults are expected to fast; nevertheless certain subgroups, including sick, frail subjects, and pregnant women, among others, are exempted. Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. The influence of Ramadan fasting on immune system regulation remains elusive; however, immune system changes, such as the modulation of body response to various infectious, stressful, and other harmful events, are of great interest during fasting. In this paper, we performed an extensive systematic literature review of different scholarly databases (ISI/Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed,/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, EbscoHOST, Scirus, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest), using the following key words: "fasting," "Ramadan," "Islam," and "immunity." Conclusions drawn from these findings included: (1) Ramadan fasting has been shown to only mildly influence the immune system and the alterations induced are transient, returning to basal pre-Ramadan status shortly afterward. (2) Ramadan fasting during the second trimester of pregnancy was shown to be safe and did not result in negative fetal outcomes, or maternal oxidative status alterations. (3) In cardiac patients, Ramadan fasting can have beneficial effects including lipid profile improvement and alleviation of oxidative stress. (4) In asthmatic patients as well as in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and autoimmune disorders, fasting was safe. (5) In psychiatric patients, such as those suffering from schizophrenia, fasting could increase immunologic markers. (6) Fasting Muslim athletes who maintain intensive training schedule during Ramadan showed fluctuations of immunologic markers.
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01144
PubMed: 29230208
PubMed Central: PMC5712070
Affiliations:
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last="Farah">Raymond Farah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Ziv Medical Center, Safed</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Safed</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahagna, Hussein" sort="Mahagna, Hussein" uniqKey="Mahagna H" first="Hussein" last="Mahagna">Hussein Mahagna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Hashomer</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, 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Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Nutrition Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi" sort="Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi" uniqKey="Bragazzi N" first="Nicola Luigi" last="Bragazzi">Nicola Luigi Bragazzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahroum, Naim" sort="Mahroum, Naim" uniqKey="Mahroum N" first="Naim" last="Mahroum">Naim Mahroum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Hashomer</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:29230208</idno><idno type="pmid">29230208</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fimmu.2017.01144</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC5712070</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000390</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" 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last="Watad">Abdulla Watad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Hashomer</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Stav" sort="Brown, Stav" uniqKey="Brown S" first="Stav" last="Brown">Stav Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aazza, Khadija" sort="Aazza, Khadija" uniqKey="Aazza K" first="Khadija" last="Aazza">Khadija Aazza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Fez</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aazza, Hicham" sort="Aazza, Hicham" uniqKey="Aazza H" first="Hicham" last="Aazza">Hicham Aazza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Fez</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zouhir, Mohamed" sort="Zouhir, Mohamed" uniqKey="Zouhir M" first="Mohamed" last="Zouhir">Mohamed Zouhir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Fez</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharif, Kassem" sort="Sharif, Kassem" uniqKey="Sharif K" first="Kassem" last="Sharif">Kassem Sharif</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Hashomer</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghanayem, Khaled" sort="Ghanayem, Khaled" uniqKey="Ghanayem K" first="Khaled" last="Ghanayem">Khaled Ghanayem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farah, Raymond" sort="Farah, Raymond" uniqKey="Farah R" first="Raymond" last="Farah">Raymond Farah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Ziv Medical Center, Safed</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Safed</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahagna, Hussein" sort="Mahagna, Hussein" uniqKey="Mahagna H" first="Hussein" last="Mahagna">Hussein Mahagna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Hashomer</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fiordoro, Stefano" sort="Fiordoro, Stefano" uniqKey="Fiordoro S" first="Stefano" last="Fiordoro">Stefano Fiordoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Immunology Service, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Immunology Service, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sukkar, Samir Giuseppe" sort="Sukkar, Samir Giuseppe" uniqKey="Sukkar S" first="Samir Giuseppe" last="Sukkar">Samir Giuseppe Sukkar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Nutrition Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Nutrition Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi" sort="Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi" uniqKey="Bragazzi N" first="Nicola Luigi" last="Bragazzi">Nicola Luigi Bragazzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahroum, Naim" sort="Mahroum, Naim" uniqKey="Mahroum N" first="Naim" last="Mahroum">Naim Mahroum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Hashomer</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in immunology</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-3224</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is observed by Muslims as a month of fasting. All Muslim adults are expected to fast; nevertheless certain subgroups, including sick, frail subjects, and pregnant women, among others, are exempted. Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. The influence of Ramadan fasting on immune system regulation remains elusive; however, immune system changes, such as the modulation of body response to various infectious, stressful, and other harmful events, are of great interest during fasting. In this paper, we performed an extensive systematic literature review of different scholarly databases (ISI/Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed,/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, EbscoHOST, Scirus, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest), using the following key words: "fasting," "Ramadan," "Islam," and "immunity." Conclusions drawn from these findings included: (1) Ramadan fasting has been shown to only mildly influence the immune system and the alterations induced are transient, returning to basal pre-Ramadan status shortly afterward. (2) Ramadan fasting during the second trimester of pregnancy was shown to be safe and did not result in negative fetal outcomes, or maternal oxidative status alterations. (3) In cardiac patients, Ramadan fasting can have beneficial effects including lipid profile improvement and alleviation of oxidative stress. (4) In asthmatic patients as well as in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and autoimmune disorders, fasting was safe. (5) In psychiatric patients, such as those suffering from schizophrenia, fasting could increase immunologic markers. (6) Fasting Muslim athletes who maintain intensive training schedule during Ramadan showed fluctuations of immunologic markers.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29230208</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-3224</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>8</Volume><PubDate><Year>2017</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Ramadan Fasting Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects: Insights from a Systematic Review.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1144</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fimmu.2017.01144</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is observed by Muslims as a month of fasting. All Muslim adults are expected to fast; nevertheless certain subgroups, including sick, frail subjects, and pregnant women, among others, are exempted. Ramadan fasting has been shown to impact on body systems in different manners. The influence of Ramadan fasting on immune system regulation remains elusive; however, immune system changes, such as the modulation of body response to various infectious, stressful, and other harmful events, are of great interest during fasting. In this paper, we performed an extensive systematic literature review of different scholarly databases (ISI/Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed,/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, EbscoHOST, Scirus, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest), using the following key words: "fasting," "Ramadan," "Islam," and "immunity." Conclusions drawn from these findings included: (1) Ramadan fasting has been shown to only mildly influence the immune system and the alterations induced are transient, returning to basal pre-Ramadan status shortly afterward. (2) Ramadan fasting during the second trimester of pregnancy was shown to be safe and did not result in negative fetal outcomes, or maternal oxidative status alterations. (3) In cardiac patients, Ramadan fasting can have beneficial effects including lipid profile improvement and alleviation of oxidative stress. (4) In asthmatic patients as well as in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and autoimmune disorders, fasting was safe. (5) In psychiatric patients, such as those suffering from schizophrenia, fasting could increase immunologic markers. (6) Fasting Muslim athletes who maintain intensive training schedule during Ramadan showed fluctuations of immunologic markers.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adawi</LastName><ForeName>Mohammad</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Padeh and Ziv Hospitals, Bar-Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Zefat, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Watad</LastName><ForeName>Abdulla</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brown</LastName><ForeName>Stav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aazza</LastName><ForeName>Khadija</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aazza</LastName><ForeName>Hicham</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zouhir</LastName><ForeName>Mohamed</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Literature and Humanistic Studies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharif</LastName><ForeName>Kassem</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghanayem</LastName><ForeName>Khaled</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Farah</LastName><ForeName>Raymond</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mahagna</LastName><ForeName>Hussein</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fiordoro</LastName><ForeName>Stefano</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Immunology Service, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sukkar</LastName><ForeName>Samir Giuseppe</ForeName><Initials>SG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Nutrition Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bragazzi</LastName><ForeName>Nicola Luigi</ForeName><Initials>NL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mahroum</LastName><ForeName>Naim</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine 'B', The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>27</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101560960</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-3224</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ramadan</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">antibodies</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">autoimmunity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">fasting</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">immune system</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29230208</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fimmu.2017.01144</ArticleId><ArticleId 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IdType="pubmed">19176964</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Maroc</li></country></list><tree><country name="Israël"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adawi, Mohammad" sort="Adawi, Mohammad" uniqKey="Adawi M" first="Mohammad" last="Adawi">Mohammad Adawi</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brown, Stav" sort="Brown, Stav" uniqKey="Brown S" first="Stav" last="Brown">Stav Brown</name><name sortKey="Farah, Raymond" sort="Farah, Raymond" uniqKey="Farah R" first="Raymond" last="Farah">Raymond Farah</name><name sortKey="Ghanayem, Khaled" sort="Ghanayem, Khaled" uniqKey="Ghanayem K" first="Khaled" last="Ghanayem">Khaled Ghanayem</name><name sortKey="Mahagna, Hussein" sort="Mahagna, Hussein" uniqKey="Mahagna H" first="Hussein" last="Mahagna">Hussein Mahagna</name><name sortKey="Mahagna, Hussein" sort="Mahagna, Hussein" uniqKey="Mahagna H" first="Hussein" last="Mahagna">Hussein Mahagna</name><name 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Aazza</name><name sortKey="Zouhir, Mohamed" sort="Zouhir, Mohamed" uniqKey="Zouhir M" first="Mohamed" last="Zouhir">Mohamed Zouhir</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fiordoro, Stefano" sort="Fiordoro, Stefano" uniqKey="Fiordoro S" first="Stefano" last="Fiordoro">Stefano Fiordoro</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi" sort="Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi" uniqKey="Bragazzi N" first="Nicola Luigi" last="Bragazzi">Nicola Luigi Bragazzi</name><name sortKey="Sukkar, Samir Giuseppe" sort="Sukkar, Samir Giuseppe" uniqKey="Sukkar S" first="Samir Giuseppe" last="Sukkar">Samir Giuseppe Sukkar</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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